V Rtk
The femur thigh-bone is fitted into the pelvis at a ball-and-socket joint which offers free forward movement with some sideways and rotary articulation. Backward movement can only be effected by tilting the pelvis. The bones of the neck are the seven cervical vertebrae that comprise the upper portion of the spine. The large muscles which affect the shape of the neck are the trapezius at the back and, at the front, the sternomastoids, which run from the back of the ear down towards the inner...
Male Skeleton Front Vievj 1
There are just over 600 voluntary muscles in the human body, but for our purposes here it is necessary to discuss only the larger superficial muscle groups which affect the shape of the body and are responsible for the movement of the limbs, and the rather more complex muscles which effect facial movement All these are referred to as skeletal muscles. Most skeletal muscles are attached at both ends to bones via tendons and act rather like tension springs, in that they are able to contract in...
Examples D
Opposite, top Facial expressions are achieved by movements of the soft facial tissue. Opposite, top Facial expressions are achieved by movements of the soft facial tissue. The musculature of the face is basically quite simple, although there are several layers of muscles which allow very subtle movements of the facial tissue, and thereby facilitate facial expression. These muscles are attached at one end to bone and at the other to the skin and its concomitant subcutaneous flesh. Pursing and...
Bibliography
Yorkshire Oddities, Incidents and Strange Events, Otley, Smith Settle, 1987 Bordwell, D., and Thompson, K. Film Art An Introduction, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1979 Come Sketching, London, Studio, 1954 Braun, A.A. The Hieroglyphic Method of Life Drawing, London, Drawing Ltd, 1916 Broadbent, B.H. Sr, Broadbent, B.H. Jr, and Golden, W.H. Bolton Standards of Dentofacial Developmental Growth, St Louis, C.V. Mosby amp Co., 1975 Cassells, B., and Lowden, I. Clancy's Casebook, Edinburgh, Oliver amp Boyd,...
Index
Page numbers in italics refer to the sites of relevant captions abdominal muscles 32, 35 action poses 62-85, 81 age, ageing 51, 66, 113 anatomy 29-51,30-51 apoplectic habitus 114 apple-cheekedness 110 Arabian Nights, The 146, 147 Aristotle 121 arms 31, 38-9 balance 63-7, 67, 70, 74, 77 barrelling 127 Bauhaus School 57 biceps 32, 33,33, 38 biceps femoris 32 Blyton, Enid 147, 147 body language 116-17 body types 114-15 Bodywatching Morris 117 Bolton Standards of Dentofacial Developmental Growth...
I Cqc
As always, weight distribution affects the compensatory movements the body makes during running. The soldier at bottom right swings the heavy gun he is carrying to left and right to keep his lateral balance over whichever foot is in, or about to be in, contact with the ground this ensures that he doesn't fall over sideways. His centre of gravity is not, however, vertically above the supporting foot at any moment, as it would be if he were standing still and lifting alternate legs his whole body...
THE FIGURE IN ACTION Wya
Although we shall not always have athletes as our subjects, it is useful to understand how they achieve greater speed and power in their movements through more completely coordinated action. In less effective action, fewer muscles are brought into use and they are less well coordinated the movement looks clumsy and ineffectual because not all the limbs are involved together. The body conserves energy by using fewer muscles. A person walking in a tired or lazy way, as shown in the drawing above...
I Gou
The rocking motion of the pelvis in the female figure tends to be a little more pronounced than in the male owing to the greater width at the hips and consequent slightly wider set of the legs. When a baby first begins to walk, almost all its concentration is focused on maintaining balance, because the head and torso account for so much of the total body-weight. So the arms are held out and up, and the child 'toddles' precariously along. But later, as the legs lengthen and strengthen, balance...
I 1
Sketchbook pages showing drawings done at Ottery Jazz Festival, Devon, England. In selecting the illustrations to accompany this section I have used pages from my own sketchbooks. Many of them are reproduced here about the same size as the original drawings, which were done in either ballpoint pen or 2B pencil. I deliberately looked out some old sketchbooks dating back to a time when I, too, was a virtual beginner in order to remind myself of the problems and difficulties I encountered. As I...
DRAWING Ygc
To draw anything well from memory, to invent and improvize creatively, you need first to build up a store of basic knowledge of your subject. The best way to do this is through drawing from life. By making observation studies you can readily and easily absorb great quantities of information about proportion, form and structure - and, of course, in the process you will also be developing your drawing skills. No amount of factual information gleaned from instructional tomes can serve as a...
Graphic Narrative
Graphic narrative, or what is commonly called comic-strip, uses words and sequences of images in tandem in order to tell a story. As an artform it lies roughly at the crossroads between literature, illustration and cinema, having much in common with all three and containing elements of each. It is like literature in that it is concerned with telling a story, like illustration in that it uses drawings to give visual information, and like cinema in that it uses a combination of words and images...
Info Qhy
Above Illustration from Brother in the Land, Left Illustration from Black Jack the Footpad, Above Illustration from Brother in the Land, Left Illustration from Black Jack the Footpad, Another way to make a feature of one part of a composition is to give that part greater liveliness and contrast. Any single area in which there is a concentration of contrasting shapes or tones immediately attracts the eye. The centre of interest may be 'framed' by other picture elements, so isolating it within...
Although Not Necessarily In The Centre Of The Picture Are It Is What The
You, the artist, govern the way in which a picture is viewed. You control what is seen first, how the eye of the viewer travels round the picture, and what is perceived as important. With careful planning and organization, any figure or object in the picture can be given special prominence or played down, and aspects of character and mood can be emphasized. The first thing to decide upon is your centre of interest. This is the object, figure or group that is the main subject of the picture -...
Ectomorph 1
Although Albrecht D rer 1471 -1528 made a number of carefully measured studies of differently proportioned men and women in the early 16th century, he appears to have found no particular pattern to the range of differences he discovered. Long before, the Greek physician Hippocrates 460-377BC had recognized only two distinct kinds of human body the phthisic habitus, or tall, thin physique the apoplectic habitus, or short, thick physique It was evident to later investigators that this did not...
CHARACTER AND EXPRESSION Lhc
to describe this subtle and profound means of communication. Desmond Morris's books Manwatching 1978 and Bodywatching 1985 are popular classics in this field. Our ability to read the feelings and attitudes of our fellow human beings is probably better educated today than was generally the case in the past, and consequently we have to beware of emphasizing too strongly the message contained in the body-positions of the figures we draw. This page Sketches tor Mandamus, written by Bernard King....
PICTURE COMPOSITION Lwv
Left Illustration for an advertisement. Copyright ECC Quarries. Below The team arrives in Istanbul -illustration from Canon, written by Melvyn Bagnall. Left Illustration for an advertisement. Copyright ECC Quarries. Below The team arrives in Istanbul -illustration from Canon, written by Melvyn Bagnall. If you are a man of average height, your eyes will be about 1.7m 5ft 8in above the ground, so your eye-level line will be roughly where it is shown in this first picture when you are standing...
Endomorphic Ectomorph
Sheldon recognized that most individuals show evidence of any two or all three of these components in varying degrees, and devised a system of scoring, from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 7, for the amount of each component evident in any individual. By always putting these score numbers in the same order endomorphy first, then mesomorphy, then ectomorphy , every human body could be categorized in a significant way by a three-figure number. A pure endomorph, as shown here, would be designated a...