J's Online Drawing Lessons

Drawing Human Head

• Figure Drawing Step by Step Lessons
• Pencil Sketching Tutorials
• How to Draw Manga Step by Step
• Learn To Draw Caricatures

Almost spherical and about one inch in diameter, the eyeball lies within the deep cavity (the orbit) of the eye, cushioned in fatty tissue and situated partly to the front of the socket opening. On all sides of the socket rim, the eye is protected by great projecting structures of bone: the high nasal bone to the inside; the overhanging browr ridge (the superciliary arch) above and to the outside; the protruding cheek mound (the zygomatic bone) below.

EYELIDS

The eye may be conceived as a partially exposed internal organ of the body. Covering the exposed bulge of the eyeball are the upper and lower eyelids. The upper lid is more active and moveable than the lower. It is also the larger of the two lids and more fully curved. The wider arc of the upper lid swings around the eyeball at its equatorial middle. The lower lid curves around a small arc at the base of the eyeball.

side view of eyelids

The greater curve of the upper lid and smaller curve of the lower lid are more clearly seen from a three-quarter or side view of the eye. Note that the lower lid lies on a backward slope of 1+5 degrees from the outthrust upper lid.

shape of eye axis of eye

Axis of Eye

High and Low Points of Eye

The highest point of the curve of the upper lid is close to the inside corner of the eye, approximately one third of an eye-width away. The low point of the lower lid is one third of an eye-width from the outside corner.

High and Low Points of Eye

These points, joined with a line, show the oblique axis of the eye. The eye opening is not a symmetrical almond shape.

Axis of Eye

Axis of Eye:

Three-Quarter Doivn View

Axis of Eye: Three-Quarter Up View placement of pupil

With these curves in place, the pupil of the eye appears suspended from under the upper id, and slightly above the rim of the lower lid.

Eye Muscles, Greatly Compressed eye muscle formation ►

Surrounding the entire eye is a large, widespread, oval muscle: the orbicularis oculi. It consists of two parts: the orbital part, which encircles the entire eye socket from the brow ridge down to the middle cheek bone; and the palpebral part, the eyelids, which encase the eye itself. Both parts of the orbicularis muscle close the eye by compression. The greater orbital part vigorously contracts the region around the socket, while the eyelids curtain the eye briskly but gently.

Eye Muscles, Partially Compressed

Eye Muscles

Nose

In general form, the nose is a triangular, wedge-shaped block, narrow and depressed at its root under the brow ridge, broad and prominent at its base in the mid-region of the face.

Three-Quarter Up View

Three-Quarter Down View

FORMS OF NOSE

The nose consists of four important forms : the upper nasal mass, with its supporting nasal bone and upper cartilage; the lower elliptical ball of the nose, the alar cartilage with its curved hook (the septum) ; the two sidewise, expanding nostril wings, the ala cartilages, triangular in shape and joining the projecting ball to form the nostril cavities in the base of the nose.

Three-Quarter Down View

UPPER NfcSAL MASS

J3ALL OF NOSE

NOSTRIL WINGS

PROPORTIONS OF NOSE FORMS

UPPER NASAL MASS

NOSE BASE

The upper nasal mass generally divides the nose length at the halfway mark. Somewhat below this point, the nostril wings reach their high point.

The length of the nose is half the length of the facial mass (from the nose bridge to the base of the chin). The hook of the nose attaches to the pillars of the upper lip.

The upper nasal mass generally divides the nose length at the halfway mark. Somewhat below this point, the nostril wings reach their high point.

Across the width of the nostril wings, the base of the nose measures one eye-width.

Three-Quarter View

Side View

SHAPE OF UNDER PLANE

The under plane of the nose is decisively triangular, its broad base gently curved on the upper region of the mouth barrel (the maxilla).

SEPTAL CARTILAGE

The septal cartilage (the hook of the nose), divides the under plane from the nose tip to the base, forming the steep-sided, triangular nostril cavities.

Septal Cartilage

+12 0

Average user rating: 5 stars out of 12 votes