General arrangement sections
General arrangement plans in effect constitute a series of horizontal cross-sections through the building, spaced out so that one is taken at every floor level. This spacing is reasonable, since in practice the appearance of the horizontal section is most likely to differ from floor to floor and unlikely to differ between floor and ceiling. 2.16 Elevation as a secondary reference to window components. The reference S 31 leads back to the external seconday elements schedule, where the components...
Some examples 1
Appendix 5, dealing with non-active lines, gives examples of the types of dimension line recommended for different purposes. The following comments may be helpful in establishing the correct approach to dimensioning such diverse drawings as the site plan, primary element general arrangement plans, general arrangement and assembly sections, and component and sub-component details. To set out a building it is necessary to establish a datum parallel to one of the building's axes. The criteria by...
Floor plans
There are three situations to consider General arrangement location drawing designed to show a single building element and what it should contain. The general arrangement drawing designed to be complete in itself i.e. a drawing which in CI SfB Table 1 terminology would be described as 2.1 The basic plan from which the elemental drawings shown in Chapter 1 were produced 1.14, 1.15 and 1.16 'The project in general' and coded -- . Clearly this type of drawing would only arise on the smallest and...
A Guide to these Drawings
The drawings in this project have been arranged in the following manner 1.0 All information in the drawing set is divided into five basic categories of drawing. These are relating for example to windows General arrangement drawing coded G showing where anything is e.g. where a particular window is located in the building. This includes general arrangement plans and elevations, locating all major building elements walls, doors, windows, etc. and indicating where more detailed information may be...
Roof plans
Roofs particularly if they are flat roofs are essentially just another floor and it might be thought pedantic to introduce separate codes for them. Admittedly quantity surveyors and others concerned with elemental cost analysis require the distinction, but drawing codes do not always help here. Is 2.11 a roof plan of the factory, for example, or is it a floor plan of the tank room It should be treated as a floor plan and coded accordingly as 'level number . . .'. This method of referring to all...
Conventions for doors and windows
Double leaf, each leaf single opposite action Vertical pivot opening edge should be stated Horizontal pivot bottom edge opens out unless otherwise stated Top hung casement opening out unless otherwise stated Bottom hung hopper opening in unless otherwise stated Convention assumes all windows are viewed from the outside
General arrangement plansprimary elements
Note that CI SfB Table 1 offers the following choice within the general summary code 2- 22 Internal walls, partitions 28 Building frames, other primary elements. In the larger of the two buildings Project A the decision was made to confine the architect's information about primary elements to a single 2- drawing. A decision was made at about the same time in relation to the smaller and simpler Project B to sub-divide the primary elements to a greater degree. Since the reasons for arriving at...
Title panels
The title panel should be at the bottom right hand corner of the sheet, so that when the drawing is folded properly, the title and number are always clearly visible. A possible exception to this is when A2, A3 and A4 sheets are being used, where the title panel might be reduced in height and spread across the full paper width to provide a more useable drawing area. 4.17 Vertical location of elements in the assembly section is given by references to the planes established in 4.16 Figure 4.19...
Coding assembly drawings
A complete system for coding the drawing package is discussed in Chapter 5 but a note here on the coding of the drawings illustrated in 3.17, 3.18 and 3.20 may be helpful. The general arrangement sections 3.17 are coded G for general arrangement 2- for primary elements see notes on general arrangement sections earlier for the reasoning on this and 017, 018 and 019 because that is their sequence in that particular series. The references in the circles are to external wall details or to external...
Symbols indicating materials
Blockwork commonly used alternative
Component drawings
A component may be defined as any item used in a building which emanates from a single source of supply and which arrives on site as a complete and self-contained unit, whose incorporation into the building requires only its fixing to another component or components. Thus, a window is clearly a component, as is a manhole cover, a door, a section of pre-cast concrete coping, a mirror. So, for that matter, is a brick. A brick wall would be an assembly. Two types of component should be...
The plan of work 1
The RIBA Plan of Work was illustrated in Chapter 1 as constituting the basic discipline within which the manifold activities of the architect are contained. Against each stage were noted the major aspects of work dealt with at that stage which will have a bearing on the working drawing process or which will be influenced by it. The plan of work is sometimes criticised as being doctrinarian and unrelated to the harsh facts of professional life. Certainly, in practice there are constant pressures...
Prerequisites for stage F
There is a basic minimum of information which needs to be available before embarking on stage F and this should certainly include the following final set of design drawings stage D record of statutory approvals stages D and E key detailing in draught stage E room data sheets stages C to E outline specification applicable trade literature library of standard details drawing register design team network drawing office programme These items are dealt with in detail below. Final design set stage D...
Room data sheets
The advantages of room-by-room scheduling as a medium for conveying information about internal finishes and fittings have been noted earlier. The gradual collection during stage E of such information into a source document of comparable format will clearly assist in the preparation of such schedules at stage F. Whether this is done on a copy of the floor plan or on a series of individual sheets representing each room or room type, is a decision which will be made in the light of the size and...
The assembly drawing
The juxtaposition of two or more components constitutes an assembly, and depending on the complexity of the arrangement and on how far it may be thought to be self-evident from other information contained elsewhere in the set, it will need to be drawn at an appropriate 3.7 Shelving treated as a component rather than as an assembly. An example of common sense overriding too rigid theories of classification 3.8 Component detail of concrete sill 3.9 Component drawing of different door-sets all...
The drawing register
The drawing register is a key document in the proper organisation of a working drawing project and as such needs to be something rather more than the loose sheet of paper with a scribbled list of drawing numbers and titles which sometimes suffices. After all, it serves a multitude of purposes, being at various times a declaration of intent, a record of performance and, in the event of dispute on abandonment of the project after commencement of the working drawings, possibly a legal document. In...
General arrangement sections 1
These are best identified from the final design drawings. The external envelope of the building will generate the majority and the most important of these, so the approach illustrated in 5.7 is useful. Bearing in mind that the approach initially is in terms of strictly limited Table IV A typical range of CI SfB codes used on a large project elements i r 20 21 site external primary walls elements This band will normally be used for location drawings and a large number of the assembly drawings on...
The schedule
The assembly section shown in 3.20 is coded A for assembly 31 for external openings and 001 because it is the first in that series. See also the section on schedules in Chapter 1. There are two distinct types of schedule. There is the straightforward list of items, complete in itself, which adds nothing to information which may be obtained elsewhere in the drawings or the specification. What it does is present this information in a more disciplined and readily retrievable form. A list of...
CAD considerations
The addition of status coding is a useful adjunct to the issue of CAD files also, the status reference being added to the layer naming convention reference A practice might also be maintaining multiple copies of a drawing file on different computers, or in different sub-directories on the same computer some may be back-up copies in case of hard disk failure some may represent different stages in the evolution of the design. For internal purposes a practice will need to know more about a drawing...
Size of drawing office team
The right size and structure of the team is all-important, and in many ways it is a case of the smaller the better. Any increase over a team of one starts to invoke the law of diminishing returns and as the numbers increase so do the problems of control and communications. On the other hand, the diversity of work demanded by most building projects coupled with the constant and remorseless pressures of the overall programme mean that too small a team lacks the necessary flexibility of response....
Homemade systems
It is not difficult to devise your own systems to meet these requirements. Indeed, in practice many offices do, varying the method each time to suit the complexity of the job in hand. Within the primary general arrangement assembly component framework, for instance, it is possible to divide the drawings on a small project into, say, brickwork series B , windows series W , doors series D , etc. The precise method of sub-division and of coding is of less importance than recognising the existence...
Pictorial views
The use of perspective sketches, axonometric and exploded views should not be overlooked as a means of conveying information which might be difficult to document in more conventional forms. The ability of CAD to produce three-dimensional information is of obvious benefit here. Nor should the value of pictorial elevations, perspectives, photo montages and models be discounted as an aid to the contractor. Photographs of existing buildings are invaluable to an estimator when 3.21 Useful format for...
Design team programme
It is essential for the work of the entire design team to be integrated into a comprehensive programme, and unless a specialist programmer forms part of the team and this is almost a sine qua non for any very large or complex project then the management role of team coordinator falls to the architect. Of all the consultant team an architect is probably best fitted by virtue of his training and other duties to exercise the skills required, and should take advantage of his position as team leader...
